Tyler Shoemaker is a PhD candidate in English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he works on theories of media and media history, the digital humanities, and sound studies. His dissertation examines machine reading in the 20th and 21st centuries, focusing on where this history intersects, on the one hand, with developments in newspaper publishing, financial document standards, and large-scale digitization projects, and on the other, with experimental typography, visual poetry, and conceptual writing. Articles on sonic materiality and Linotypes are forthcoming.