Research on environmental decision-making provides a strong basis for understanding decision that have consequence for climate. In particular, three traditions of research, the rational actor model, environmental social psychology and the heuristics and biases approach have each explored what shapes consequential decisions. I will review each approach, delimiting its strengths and limits. However, we lack a synthesis across these traditions, or even a strong understanding of which approach applies in a particular context. Developing a more integrated understanding is a major challenge. A further challenge is developing approaches that allow us to move from models of individual decision making to processes that allow good collective decisions in the face of uncertainty and conflict about both facts and values.