Long-term streamflow records are essential for water resources management in semi-arid regions. However, the shortness of instrumental records in Iran and the limited availability of the regional paleoclimate proxies to extend these records back in time hinder our understanding of hydrologic variability. Here, we used the annually resolved tree-ring chronologies from neighboring countries to present the first multi-centennial (~500 years) streamflow reconstruction for the Dez catchment, so...