Methodological advances in the latest years have opened new perspectives for dendrochonological studies by facilitating the visualization, delimitation, and analyses of tree-rings. These novel methodologies have incorporated complementary physical and chemical parameters to the traditional anatomical procedures used to describe annual growth rings. Here, we present the results of new studies which explore the relationships among wood density features and chemical elements involved in the annual tree ring formation of tropical species. We also provide protocols for macroscopic distinction (radial growth and wood density), microscopic analyse by long histological sections (anatomy) and X-ray densitometry (physical) and X-ray fluorescence (chemical). The findings presented in these studies suggest that multi-proxy analysis combining physical and chemical parameters together with wood anatomy would contribute to improve the definition of the seasonal growth patterns, ring boundary and improve the further applications of dendroecology, dendroclimatology and dendrophysiology in tropical forests.